Drawings by Franz Kafka. Courtesy of the Literary Estate of Max Brod, National Library of Israel, Jerusalem. Public domain.
In a diary entry from February 1922, Franz Kafka writes of a deal he made with madness:
There is a certain failing, a lack in me, that is clear and distinct enough but difficult to describe: it is a compound of timidity, reserve, talkativeness, and half-heartedness; by this I intend to characterize something specific, a group of failings that under a certain aspect constitute one single clearly defined failing (which has nothing to do with such grave vices as mendacity, vanity, etc.). This failing keeps me from going mad, but also from making any headway. Because it keeps me from going mad, I cultivate it; out of fear of madness I sacrifice whatever headway I might make and shall certainly be the loser in the bargain, for no bargains are possible at this level.
The Kafkian protagonist (including the “I” of Kafka’s letters and diaries) is a loser who cannot make “any headway,” a schlemiel who secretly cultivates failure as the means of his persistence. The subject must lose, must fail; that’s the deal made with madness. Conversely, does this not imply that a successful Kafka would be not a socially well-adjusted, non-neurotic, even happily married Kafka, but rather a mad Kafka, one forced to pay a high price for not sacrificing headway in his pursuit, for going all the way to the end of his investigations? In “Investigations of a Dog,” the philosopher dog speaks of wanting to feed on the bone marrow of all the dogs, the marrow of truth—but then turns around and avows that this marrow is “no food; on the contrary, it is a poison.” Similarly, what if Kafka nourished himself on failure to avoid being poisoned by the truth he was seeking?
There is something profoundly unhinged about the Kafkian universe. In the first book-length study of Kafka in English (a rather eccentric work, largely forgotten today), Paul Goodman put it sharply: Relax your vigilance and “the entire order of the world will fly in pieces.” Kafka himself once called waking up “the riskiest moment”: “If you can manage to get through it without being dragged out of place, you can relax for the rest of the day.” It’s as if the interval between sleep and waking were not only a matter of fuzzy consciousness but also an ontological blurriness, threatening to open a rupture in the fabric of space-time where all sorts of demons might appear, like agents coming to arrest you for an unknown—and unknowable—crime, or a giant insect substituting for your formerly human self. Schizo- in Greek means cleft or split, and apart from the moment of awakening, there are many such figures of schizoid rupture in Kafka’s universe. “A Little Woman” opens with a delirious detail: “I have never seen a hand with the separate fingers so sharply differentiated from each other as hers; and yet her hand has no anatomical peculiarities, it is an entirely normal hand.” The too-finely-spaced fingers signal a subtle breach in the order of things, a breach into which the narrator can’t help but plunge.